Electric heater.



No. 878,919. PATENTED FEB. 11, 1908. W. R. WHITEHORNE.

' ELECTRIC HEATER.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 22, 1907.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

' with a heater constructed UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

AND M. BROOK JACOBS, TRUSTEES,

WILLIAM R. WHITEHORNE, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR 'lO EDWARD F. OLEMENTS Oh PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, WILLIAM R. WIIITE HORNE, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Brooklyn, Kings county, New York, have invented certain Improvements in Electric Heaters, of which the following is a 's ecification. i

ne object of my invention is to-provide electric heating means for dye vats, which means shall be so constructed as to obviate the possibility of any electrolytic action which might affect the liquor or compounds in the vat.

It is further desiredto provide an electric heater which shall be relatively simple and compact in construction and of such a nature as to permit of the convenient regulation of the current passing through it and tlmrefore of the heat produced. It is also desired to provide a heater for liquids of sucha nature .as to be capable of operation by alternating currents of electricity and which shall efficiently utilize the energy supplied to it.

These object and other advantageous ends I secure as hereinafterset forth, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which I Figure 1, is a vertic: 1 section, to some extent diagrainmatic, of a dye vat provided according to my invention; Fi is a horizontal section on i the line 2-2, Fig. 1, further illustrating my invention, and Figs. 3 and 4, are vertical sections of modified forms of my invention.

In Figs. 1 and 2 of the above drawings, A represents a water tight metallic box or casing of any shape and material desired, though preferably constructed of iilmini um. In the present instance ,I ha illustrated thiscasing as .of substantially cylindrical form having on its top, bottom and sides concentric corrugations a and on its sides other corrugations, whereby the external surface of the casing is materially increased. While I have illustrated this outside surface as corrugated, it will be understood that other means or surface configura- 'tion may be employed for increasing the heat dispersing surface ;;of the device. A

dye vat F of any desired construction is shown as containing the casing A which is placed upon the bottom of said vat under the perforated partition f.

, Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed April 22. 1907 Serial No. 369.678.

Patented Feb. 11, 1908.

Inclosed within the casing A is a laminated iron ring or core B having a number of coils each'consisti ng of a relatively large number of turns of wire I; as indicated, forming the primary winding of a transformer of which the secondary is formed by the metal of the casing A and by a metal core a of copper or aluminium extending concentrically through eration of the device, I provide a single wire a connected to one of t e supply mains and to one terminal of each coil 1). The second ends a of the said coils Ibring out through the pi e a to a multiple point switch a con' nccted to the second sup main and constructed so as to permit of any desired number of the coils I) being thrown into circuit. The interior of the casing A, after the introduction of the ring B and its winding, is filled with oil so as to not only increase the insulation but also aid in conducting of heat from the interior of the structure to the outer portions thereof. Under operating conditions, when its windings b are connected to a suitable source of alternating current, a current is induced thereby in the body of the casing A and its core 11, thereby generating heat and raising the temperature of any liquid in the dye vat to the extent desired; the device acting as a transformer with a short eircuited secondary having but a single turn in which a current of any desired magnitude may be induced, dependingupon the design of the device and upon the voltage of the current supplied to the primary winding 6. The large current so induced, in the core a and the easing, rapidly heatsthe same andinasmuch as the current sup lied to the. primary Winding may be control ed within any desiredlimits by means of the. switch a, it is obvious that the amount of heat generated may be like- 2 wise controlled with the greatest exactness.

It is obvious that the devicemay be designed so that the voltage of the current re- Moreover, there'camwith such an arrangement of parts, be no possibility of electrolysis I or electrolytic actionin the dye liquor. The pipe (1, through which the conductors pass into the casing may under certain circumstances permit of the escape ofsu'rplus oil in case the temperature should be such as to cause undue expansion or boiling of. theoil containedinthecasing. r In Fig. 3, I have shown aform of my in-' vention in which the vat F itself is of metal and so constructedas to constitute a portion of the electric circuit of the -transformer whose core is provided by ametallic bar I) which may be laminated if desired. This core is surrounded by. aeoil of wire b for the rimary of the device and inc osed a suitable casing b so as 'to be ke t from 2 contact withthe liquid in the vat. T e cover is removable, being rovided with eye bolts jtofacilitate' its ha'n In Fig. 4, the vat F is of. wood with a perforated false bottom f4 below which is placed the electric heater. This latter consists of a metallic tube A containing a core a and havit, in the space between'the core and its interior walls, a Wforming the primaryof a transformer whose secondary is formed bythe tube A, the core a and suitable'end ieces'a electrically connecting 'said tube an core. .In any case the action of the'device is the same as described in con- I nection with Figs, 1 and 2, for the, alternat- 40 current supplied to the primaryrwinding in uces a large current of very low voltagein the parts constituting the short circuited secondaryof the device, which large current causes; heating of the parts and consequent heating of the liquid in the vat. 1 One advantaged-the use of aluminium for 1 those parts of t e device inicontact with the liquid 11]. the vat liesv in the fact that this metal quickly. becomes coated withfainoncorrosive coating ofaluminium oxid which effectually prevents any contamination of the dye liquor or injury'to the parts themselves.

Iclaime j 1. An electric heater, consisting of a wind.- ing 'connected to a source ofalternating' cur rent,'and a metallic'casing placed in inductive relation to said so as to form the short "circuitedsecondary of a trans-.

former of which said is the primary,

said casing forming a liquid tight envelop completely inclosing said substan tially as described; 1 2. An' lectricjheater consisting of a wind' ing connected to asourc'e of alternat' cu r' rent, a core'for said with a. quid liquid in the event of an a wmding,-"said casing l prevent access of liquid in the conta ner to terial within said'casing and a--win forming .substantiallyasdescribed.

"erasin tight casing completely inclosing said winding and formingthe short circuited secondary of a transformer of which said Winding is the primary, substantially as described; F

v 3. A11 electric heater consisting of a liquidtightmetallic casing having a central core connecting its'top and bottom, with a wind: mg in the space between sald core and the outside walls of the casing arranged to be completely inclosed by said casing, .said

winding being connected to a source of alternatiig curr'ent, substantially as described.

4. An electric heater consisting of a li uid tight metallic casing forming the secon ary of a transformer, a winding therein, having a metallic core and I connected to a source of alternating current, and a body of insulating liquid contained within the casing, substantially as described. j

5. An electric heater, consisting of a liquid tight metallic casing having its exterior provided with projecting portions forming a relatively extended surface, 'a central core completely inclosed within the casing, and a winding in the casing having a core and connected to' a source of alternating currentsupply, substantially. as described.

6. An electric heater consisting of a winding connected-to a-source of alternating current, with a body of metal formed inthe shape of a liquid tight casing and inductively placed relatively to said so as to completely incl'ose all lines of force set up thereby and have a relatively large current of low-voltage induced in it when an alternating current is applied .tothe substantially as described.

' 7. An electric heater consistingof a wind=' ing connected to a source of alternating current, with. a body-of metal forming acasmg sai iand inductively placed relatively to winding so as to have a large current of low voltage induce'din it when an alternating current is supplied to the'winding, with an insulating-1i uid in the casing, and means permitting t e'escape of a-portion of such temperature, substantially as described.

8. The combination of a co ainer with electric heater, said heater 0 nsisting of a winding connectedto a source of alternating liquid tight casing completelyinclosing said being constructed to normal rise of 5 current, and a body of metal formed as a r any space having magnetic flux, when: cur

as descri d.-

9. An electric heater consisting of -a me tallicca "forming the secondary of-a trans.

former, a c o'sed clrcuitcore of magnet c ma-' windings on said core also, in the casing and the primary ofythe transformer,

iso

I 10. The combination of a metallic casing In testimony whereof, I have signed my having a central core and forming the secname to this specification, in the presence of ondary of a transformer, an annular body of two subscribing witnesses.

magnetic material within the casing sub- WILLIAM R. WIIITEIIORNIC. 5 stantially concentric with said core, and a Witnesses:

winding on said annular body forming the WILLIAM E. BRADLEY,

primary of the transformer., Jos. H. KLEIN. 

